Preheat oven to 425°F (220°C). Line a muffin tin with muffin liners or lightly grease.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, baking powder, cinnamon, and salt.
In a large bowl, beat the softened butter, brown sugar, and granulated sugar until light and fluffy, about 2-3 minutes on medium speed.
Beat in the eggs, vanilla, milk, and sourdough discard. Mix until well combined.
Gradually mix the dry ingredients into the wet ingredients. Stir until just combined—don’t overmix.
Peel and chop apples into ½-inch chunks. Gently fold into the batter.
In a small bowl, preparing the crumb topping. Mix flour, brown sugar, white sugar, and cinnamon. Stir in melted butter until crumbly.
Scoop the batter into the muffin cups, filling almost to the top. Sprinkle with crumb topping and press it down lightly.
Bake at 425°F for 5 minutes, then (without opening the oven) reduce the temperature to 350°F and bake for another 18–22 minutes, or until a toothpick comes out clean.
Let the muffins cool in the tin for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack. Once completely cool, drizzle with vanilla glaze.