In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the dough hook attachment, whisk together the warm water, instant yeast, and sugar. Cover and let it rest for 5 minutes until foamy.
Add the olive oil, sourdough discard, salt, and garlic powder. Add half the flour and mix on low for 15 seconds. Add the rest of the flour and mix on low speed for about 2 minutes, or until a shaggy dough forms and pulls away from the sides of the bowl.
Continue kneading in the mixer for 5 minutes (or knead by hand on a lightly floured surface). The dough should be soft and slightly tacky. If it’s too sticky, add a small amount of flour (1 teaspoon at a time) just until manageable. If it feels very dry add 1 teaspoon of water at a time.
Place the dough in a greased bowl, turning once to coat. Cover with plastic wrap or a damp towel and let rise in a warm spot until doubled in size, about 1 hour.
Once risen, punch down the dough and turn it out onto a clean, lightly floured work surface. Shape into a 16-inch log and cut into 16 equal pieces using a bench scraper or knife. Roll each piece into an 8-inch rope and tie into a loose knot, tucking the ends under if you like.
Arrange the knots on two parchment-lined baking sheets. Cover and let rise again for 30–45 minutes, until puffy.
In a small bowl or saucepan, melt the butter. Stir in the garlic powder, Italian seasoning, and salt.
Preheat your oven to 400°F (204°C). Brush the knots with half of the garlic butter mixture and bake for 20–24 minutes, or until golden brown.
Brush the warm knots with the remaining garlic butter and sprinkle with chopped parsley and/or parmesan if desired. Serve warm with marinara sauce for dipping!